How to Inspect a Used Yacht (Checklist for Buyers)

Purchasing a used yacht over a new one offers excellent value, but only if it’s in good condition. Unlike new boats, used boats do not come with warranties, which is why conducting a comprehensive inspection is crucial.

In this blog, we’ll break down things to check when buying a used boat and the benefits of working with a yacht broker company like Luxury Yacht Sales Toronto.

Complete Buying a Used Boat Checklist: What to Look for Before You Commit

Knowing what to look for when buying a used boat is essential to protecting your investment and ensuring the vessel meets safety and performance standards. Here’s a helpful used boat buying checklist to guide you through every step of the inspection process.

1. Research the Boat’s History

Prior to physically inspecting the boat, being aware of its service history and overall condition is crucial. Start by reviewing any available service and maintenance records. A well-maintained yacht should show consistent annual servicing and documented repairs. Gaps or missing records can be red flags, indicating potential neglect. In addition to the boat’s service history, your research must also include:

Usage and Storage Conditions: Ask how and where the boat was used. Saltwater boats generally experience more wear than freshwater ones. Likewise, a boat stored on land during the off-season will likely be in better shape than one kept in the water year-round.
Manufacturer Reputation and Known Issues: Look up the brand and model for common problems or recalls. Avoid models with a track record of consistent mechanical or structural defects.
Accident or Damage History: Ask the seller directly if the boat has been in any accidents or suffered significant damage. Signs of past repairs, like mismatched paint or patchwork, can indicate hidden issues.
Engine Hours and Typical Use: Inquire about engine hours and how the boat was operated. Lower hours with proper maintenance is ideal, but also consider the type of use—long cruising trips, racing, or heavy towing all affect wear differently.
Included Equipment and Accessories: Clarify what’s part of the sale, from safety gear to electronics and spare parts. Verify that included items are functional to avoid unexpected replacement costs.
Ownership Documentation and Outstanding Liens: Ensure the Pleasure Craft License or Vessel Registration is in order and verify there are no liens or outstanding debts attached to the boat. In Canada, a PPSR search can provide peace of mind before you proceed.

2. Physical Inspection: Exterior, Structure, and Hull

The hull is the foundation of the yacht, and its condition directly affects safety, performance, and long-term value. Take your time inspecting the hull and exterior for any signs of damage, wear, or poor maintenance. Ideally, have the boat hauled out of the water so you can examine every inch, including the underside. Watch for these key areas when you go through your used boat checklist:

Hull Walkaround Inspection: Walk the entire hull, checking for cracks, dents, blisters, or signs of past repairs. Hull blisters, also called osmosis, can indicate moisture intrusion in fiberglass. Lightly tap the hull with a plastic mallet—hollow sounds may reveal hidden delamination or structural issues.
Inspect the Keel, Transom, and Appendages: Examine the keel for grounding damage, cracks, or stress marks. The transom should be solid with no flex or rot, especially if it supports an outboard. Check the rudder, struts, and trim tabs for movement or corrosion—they should feel secure and operate smoothly.
Fittings, Hardware, and Hatch Seals: Inspect cleats, handrails, and other deck hardware to ensure everything is tight with no stress cracks around the base. Open hatches and portlights to confirm seals are intact and watertight. Leaks around these fittings can lead to costly repairs down the line.

3. Deck, Cabin Roof, and Structural Integrity

After completing the exterior inspection, turn your attention to the deck and structural integrity of the vessel. The deck, cabin top, and internal supports (like bulkheads and stringers) should feel solid underfoot and show no signs of leaks or hidden damage.

Soft decks and structural issues are serious concerns that often come with a hefty repair bill. A marine surveyor will assess the boat in detail, but identifying major concerns early helps you avoid unnecessary expenses or wasted time. Here are the main things you’ll want to look at:

Walk the Deck for Soft Spots or Delamination: Walk across the deck, applying firm, even pressure with your feet. Any soft, spongy areas or excessive flexing could indicate core rot or water intrusion. These issues can compromise structural integrity and be costly to repair.
Bulkheads, Stringers, and Interior Structure: Inspect the interior supports, including bulkheads and stringers, wherever accessible. Look for signs of separation, rotting wood, or fiberglass tabbing that’s peeling away from the hull or deck. These components are critical for structural strength.
Railings, Lifelines, and Safety Hardware: Check all railings, lifelines, and deck-mounted safety gear. They should be firmly secured with no excessive movement, cracks around the bases, or signs of rust or corrosion that could compromise their integrity.
Canvas Covers, Bimini Tops, and Frames: Examine canvas covers, bimini tops, and frames for UV damage, mold, or tears. Bent or corroded support frames can weaken the structure and require replacement for both functionality and safety.

4. Inspect the Mechanical Systems

The mechanical condition of a boat is one of the most important things to check when buying a used boat. The engine is often the most expensive component to repair or replace, which makes a thorough inspection of the engine and related systems a top priority when buying a used boat. Here’s what to check:

Visual Engine and Bilge Inspection: Inspect the engine compartment for leaks, corrosion, or rust on engine mounts. Worn belts, damaged hoses, or oil residue in the bilge may indicate poor maintenance.
Fluid Checks (Oil, Coolant, Transmission): Pull the dipsticks and check fluid levels. Oil should be clean and free of milky discoloration, which often signals water contamination inside the engine.
Hoses, Wiring, and Connections: Look for cracks, hardened hoses, or brittle wiring. Corroded terminals or loose connections can cause electrical failures or breakdowns at sea.
Propeller, Drivetrain, and Steering System: Inspect the propeller for dings, cracks, or bent blades. Shaft seals should be tight with minimal play, and steering components should operate smoothly.
Start the Engine (Cold if Possible): Start the engine from cold to reveal any hidden issues. It should fire up smoothly, idle evenly, and produce minimal smoke or unusual vibration.

5. Test Electrical Systems and Electronics

Modern yachts rely heavily on electronics, from navigation equipment to lighting and entertainment systems. Faulty wiring, dead batteries, or malfunctioning electronics can be quite expensive to fix. That’s why every used boat buying checklist should include a thorough test of all electrical components and devices. Start by checking:

Batteries and Connections: Look at the battery terminals for corrosion and ensure everything is securely connected. Old or poorly maintained batteries often cause bigger electrical problems.
Wiring and Fuses: Check the wiring and fuse panel. You want neat, properly labeled wires with no signs of quick fixes or damaged insulation.
Lights and Safety Systems: Test all exterior and interior lights. Navigation and anchor lights must work properly for safety and legal compliance.
Electronics and Navigation Gear: Power up the GPS, depth finder, radio, and any radar or autopilot systems. If they’re slow to respond or glitchy, they may need repairs or replacement.
Appliances and Comfort Systems: Try the onboard fridge, stove, stereo, and other systems. Even small problems can add up to unexpected repair costs later.
Shore Power and Generator: If the boat has shore power or a generator, test both to make sure they switch over cleanly and provide consistent power.

6. Interior Condition and Comfort Inspection

The interior of the yacht is where you’ll spend the majority of your time when relaxing, entertaining, or living aboard. Before purchasing a used yacht, it’s important to ensure that the living spaces are clean, comfortable, and in good condition.

General Cleanliness, Odors, and Signs of Leaks: Trust your nose—musty odors, mold, or water stains inside the cabin are clues to leaks or poor maintenance that may not be visible right away.
Upholstery, Flooring, and Woodwork: Look over cushions, floors, and woodwork. Mildew, soft spots, or warping could mean there’s been water damage or neglect.
Doors, Hatches, Windows Functionality: Open and close all doors, hatches, and windows. They should work smoothly and seal properly to keep out water and drafts.
Plumbing, Galley, and Head Systems: Test the sink, toilet, and galley systems if possible. Weak water pressure or leaks around fixtures suggest maintenance issues.
HVAC, Bilge Areas, and Hidden Compartments: Turn on the air conditioning or heating and check if it works. Look inside bilge spaces and hidden compartments for standing water, leaks, or signs of poor upkeep.

7. Verify Required Safety Equipment

Legal compliance and personal safety start with proper onboard gear. Before buying a used boat, confirm all required safety equipment is included and in good condition. Well-maintained safety gear often reflects responsible ownership. If safety gear is missing or expired, it could be a sign of broader neglect. Plan to replace outdated items as part of your purchase.

Life Jackets (PFDs): Ensure there are enough life jackets for all passengers. Check for damage, proper sizing, and valid expiry dates, especially for inflatables.
Fire Extinguishers: Confirm all extinguishers are marine-rated, properly sized, and within expiry. There should be one near the helm and one in the galley at minimum.
Flares and Signals: Inspect flares and flare guns for valid expiry dates. Test the horn (built-in or handheld) and check for a working waterproof flashlight.
Bilge Pumps: Test all bilge pumps, both automatic and manual. Lift float switches to confirm automatic activation. If there’s a high-water alarm, test that too.
Navigation Equipment: Verify that navigation lights and sound signals (horn or whistle) work. Boats over 8m in Canada need additional gear like a radar reflector—make sure it’s included.
Anchor and Docking Gear: Inspect the anchor, line, and windlass for wear. Ensure there are enough dock lines and fenders to secure the boat safely.
First Aid and Other Safety Gear: Check for a stocked, in-date first aid kit. Other essentials include a throwable flotation device, a buoyant heaving line, and a manual bailer.

8. Conduct a Sea Trial Before You Buy

A sea trial is one of the most important steps when buying a used yacht. No matter how good the boat looks at the dock, its true condition shows on the water. Your offer should always be conditional on a successful sea trial and survey.

A smooth sea trial means the boat performs as expected, the engine runs well, and no new problems appear.

Engine Performance: The engine should start easily, accelerate smoothly, and maintain power under load. Watch the gauges—oil pressure, temperature, and voltage should stay in normal ranges. Look for smoke, hesitation, or unusual noises.
Handling and Ride: Test the boat at low speed, during turns, and at full throttle. It should track straight, respond to steering, and ride smoothly over waves without rattles or excessive pounding.
Vibrations and Noises: Pay attention to vibrations, especially at certain RPMs. Excessive vibration could mean a bent propeller or an alignment issue. Listen for odd noises or exhaust leaks.
Trim and System Functionality: Test trim tabs and engine trim if equipped. The boat’s running angle should adjust as expected. Check the autopilot and compass for proper function.
Navigation Electronics: Verify the depth sounder, GPS, and radar work while underway. Some issues only appear at speed.
Crew Feedback: Bring someone experienced to help assess handling, performance, and detect problems you might miss.
Post-Run Check: After the trial, inspect the engine, bilge, and hull for leaks, drips, or new fluid. Small issues often show up after running the boat.

9. Review Documentation and Paperwork

Following the physical inspection and sea trial, verifying that the boat has complete documentation and no outstanding liens is critical before finalizing the purchase. Key documents and checks include:

Title and Ownership: Ensure the seller has legal ownership. In Canada, smaller boats require a Pleasure Craft License; larger or financed boats need a Vessel Registration. Verify the HIN (Hull Identification Number) matches both the paperwork and the boat’s transom.
Bills of Sale: Request the current bill of sale and any available previous records. It should clearly list the boat’s details, price, buyer, and seller information, and be signed. You’ll need this to transfer ownership.
Registration and Compliance: Check for a valid Pleasure Craft License or Certificate of Registry. Confirm the HIN plate and Canada compliance notice are present. If imported, ensure duties and paperwork are complete.
Maintenance and Service Records: Review service logs and repair receipts. Look for consistent maintenance and note major repairs like engine rebuilds. Missing records can suggest overdue maintenance.
Insurance and Survey Reports: Ask for a recent marine survey and insurance history. A survey reveals past issues and confirms insurability, even if the policy doesn’t transfer.
Warranties: Check if warranties on the hull, engine, or electronics are still valid and transferable. Some manufacturer warranties extend to second owners, which could save future repair costs.
Liens or Loans: Perform a lien search, especially through Ontario’s PPSR, to confirm the boat is debt-free. Never purchase a vessel with unresolved liens.
Manuals and Spare Keys: While not essential, having equipment manuals, spare keys, and original paperwork is a bonus for understanding and maintaining the boat.

10. Invest in a Professional Marine Survey

No matter how experienced you are, a professional marine survey is one of the smartest steps you can take before buying a used boat. Surveyors follow a detailed marine survey checklist that covers structural integrity, moisture levels, electrical systems, and safety equipment — areas that even seasoned boaters can overlook.

A comprehensive survey not only protects your investment but can also strengthen your negotiating position. If hidden issues are uncovered, you’ll have the leverage to request repairs, adjust the price, or walk away entirely. Many insurance providers and lenders will also require an up-to-date survey to finalize coverage or financing.

For peace of mind, always hire an accredited surveyor — look for professionals certified by groups like SAMS (Society of Accredited Marine Surveyors) or ABYC (American Boat and Yacht Council).

The Advantage of Working with a Yacht Broker

Buying a yacht is a major investment, and working with a broker makes the process easier and more secure. An experienced broker provides expert support through inspections, paperwork, and negotiations, so nothing gets overlooked.

Brokers also offer access to exclusive listings and have deep knowledge of the local market, giving you an edge when it comes to finding the right boat at the right price. Best of all, most buyers don’t pay for these services; commissions are typically covered by the seller.

At Luxury Yacht Sales Toronto, we specialize in helping buyers navigate every step of the purchase, from shortlisting yachts to closing the deal. Let us simplify the process so you can focus on finding the perfect boat.